Abstract
BackgroundMyriocin is a natural product with antifungal activity and is derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LZN01. Our previous work demonstrated that myriocin can inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) by inducing membrane damage. In this study, the antifungal actions of myriocin against Fon were investigated with a focus on the effects of myriocin on intracellular molecules.ResultsAnalysis of DNA binding and fluorescence spectra demonstrated that myriocin can interact with dsDNA from Fon cells. The intracellular-targeted mechanism of action was also supported by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses; a total of 2238 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The DEGs were further verified by RT-qPCR. Most of the DEGs were assigned metabolism and genetic information processing functions and were enriched in ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes pathway. The expression of some genes and proteins in ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes pathway was affected by myriocin, primarily the genes controlled by the C6 zinc cluster transcription factor family and the NFYA transcription factor. Myriocin influenced the posttranscriptional processing of gene products by triggering the main RI (retained intron) events of novel alternative splicing; myriocin targeted key genes (FOXG_09470) or proteins (RIOK2) in ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes pathway, resulting in disordered translation.ConclusionsIn conclusion, myriocin was determined to exhibit activity against Fon by targeting intracellular molecules. The results of our study may help to elucidate the antifungal actions of myriocin against Fon.
Highlights
Myriocin is a natural product with antifungal activity and is derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LZN01
Bacillomycin D has been determined to be secreted by B. amyloliquefaciens SQR9, which can bind to the iron transport regulator Btr and subsequently modulate biofilm formation through the KinB-Spo0a-Sinl-SinR pathway to suppress the growth of Fusarium oxysporum [9]
The results showed that the number of downregulated genes was greater than that of upregulated genes under myriocin treatment
Summary
Myriocin is a natural product with antifungal activity and is derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LZN01. We observed that myriocin is one of the metabolites secreted from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LZN01 [12]. This peptide exhibits strong in vitro antifungal activity by disrupting SPT activity and inducing membrane damage in Fon [15]. Antibiotic studies against fungal pathogens indicate that the induction of membrane damage is not the only way that antibiotics kill cells but may have various intracellular targets [16, 17]. Few studies have investigated the intracellular response or molecular events governing myriocin-induced Fon cell death. Studies on intracellular targets are necessary to elucidate the antibiotic actions of myriocin
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