Abstract
We evaluated a transcriptome using high-throughput Illumina HiSeq sequencing and related it to the morphology, leaf anatomy, and physiological parameters of Carpinus putoensis putoensis under NO2 stress. The molecular mechanism of the C. putoensis NO2 stress response was evaluated using sequencing data. NO2 stress adversely affected the morphology, leaf anatomy, and total peroxidase (POD) activity. Through RNA-seq analysis, we used NCBI to compare the transcripts with nine databases and obtained their functional annotations. We annotated up to 2255 million clean Illumina paired-end RNA-seq reads, and 250,200 unigene sequences were assembled based on the resulting transcriptome data. More than 89% of the C. putoensis transcripts were functionally annotated. Under NO2 stress, 1119 genes were upregulated and 1240 were downregulated. According to the KEGG pathway and GO analyses, photosynthesis, chloroplasts, plastids, and the stimulus response are related to NO2 stress. Additionally, NO2 stress changed the expression of POD families, and the HPL2, HPL1, and POD genes exhibited high expression. The transcriptome analysis of C. putoensis leaves under NO2 stress supplies a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of C. putoensis resistance to NO2 stress. The given transcriptome data represent a valuable resource for studies on plant genes, which will contribute towards genome annotations during future genome projects.
Highlights
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) is a product of nitric acid, which is used in industrial manufacturing; millions of tons of NO2 are produced each year [1]
We recorded the changes in the morphology and anatomy of C. putoensis leaves under NO2 stress
NO2 stress adversely affected the morphology, leaf anatomy, and POD activity. These findings extend our understanding of plant stress responses; they strongly indicate a need for further RNA-seq analysis
Summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) is a product of nitric acid, which is used in industrial manufacturing; millions of tons of NO2 are produced each year [1]. NO2 is a maroon gas with a typically harsh odor, and it is a key contributor to air pollution [2]. NO2 is an important component of acid rain [3]. Its corrosivity and highly oxidative nature make it harmful to plant biochemical and physiological processes after entering plants through the stomata [4]. The ambient NO2 level that wild plants might encounter is 180 ppb. There are two theories regarding the effect of NO2 on plants. The first is that NO2 can form plant organic nitrogen compounds by being metabolized and amalgamated in the nitrate assimilation pathway [5].
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