Comprehensive sanitation situation analysis based on complete components in community-based total sanitation

Abstract

Introduction: Although research to analyze the sanitation situation in Indonesia has been intensively carried out, the results of this research are not sufficient to show aspects of community behavior comprehensively based on the components in total community-based sanitation (STBM). A recent study based solely on the availability of sanitation facilities and community affordability found that weak financial support allocated to address sanitation problems was a key factor. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the sanitation situation comprehensively based on the components in STBM. Methods: This research was conducted in 34 provinces in Indonesia. All areas were selected so that a complete and comprehensive analysis could be carried out. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Basic Health Research and the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Cluster analysis using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) was performed to cluster sanitation conditions based on the parameters of healthy latrine use; handwashing behavior and facilities; safe drinking water and food management; management of household waste and its facilities; and safe household liquid waste management. Results: It is found that the value for cluster 1 does not have priority problems in terms of environmental health. There is only one indicator, namely littering, which is above the national average. While in cluster 2, the complexity of the problem is more complex where almost all indicators are above the national average, only the indicators of carelessly throwing garbage and disposing of feces are below the national average. Cluster 3 has complex problems in no defecation, no defecation, no sewerage, and littering. These areas are included in the priority sanitation intervention program; Bangka Belitung, North Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Gorontalo, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, Maluku, Central Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara. Conclusions: This study determines the classification of sanitation conditions to provide comprehensive information on which areas are included in the priority sanitation intervention program. The novelty and contribution of this research is a comprehensive analysis based on the components of STBM, which has never been done before.