Abstract
The development of the energy sector in Egypt is considered an urgent issue due to the rapid population rise rate. In particular, renewable energy sources (RESs) applications play an essential role in the coverage of energy demand. Therefore, Egypt has ambitious plans towards RESs to combine a sustainable energy future with economic growth. Egypt has high potentiality for RESs and their applications, nevertheless, the study of this modality remains below the required level. Due to the widespread use of RESs, communities are facing stability issues as the power converters-based RESs create a significant lack of power inertia, causing system instability and power blackouts as well as issues of power quality such as harmonics or resonances due to the power converters and their interactions with the system. This work presents a recent review supported by a statistical analysis about the current situation in Egypt according to the last data carried out from local/global reports. In addition, this review discusses specifications of technical design standards, terms, and equipment parameters for connecting small, medium, and large-scale solar plants, respectively to the Egyptian grid in accordance with the Electricity Distribution Code (EDC), Solar Energy Grid Connection Code (SEGCC), and the Grid Code (GC). Interestingly, the use of hydropower and emergent solar energy is considered the most promising RES variant, besides the wind energy at the coastal sites. This review characterizes the progress in Egypt and classifies interest areas for RESs recent study, e.g., photovoltaic (PV), solar chimney (SC), concentrated solar plant (CSP), and wind energy in Egypt. To maximize the RES hosting capacity in Egypt, various energy storage systems are required to be integrated into the distribution networks. Finally, a view of existing gaps, future visions and projects, and visible recommendations are defined for the Egyptian grid.
Highlights
The International Energy Agency (IEA) has set annual reviews for global energy produced in April/year
Egypt has a promising plan for using renewable energy sources RESs
One of the basis visions is to pay serious attention, make great efforts in research to abuse the maximum amount of RESs, and help in facing future challenges that may affect the Egyptian grid
Summary
The International Energy Agency (IEA) has set annual reviews for global energy produced in April/year. Advanced renewable energy technologies integrated into the power grid in Egypt have been of great interest to researchers over the past ten years. It is obvious that there is an expanding trend in the number of research papers reporting on these technologies, which implies their importance for both academy and industry sides Another notice is that photovoltaic, wind, and biomass energies have taken more attention in the last decay compared to the other RESs types in Egypt. Statistical analysis, futuristic plans, and projects, and recommendations for research are formulated
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