Abstract
While yeast is one of the most studied organisms, its intricate biology remains to be fully mapped and understood. This is especially the case when it comes to capture rapid, in vivo fluctuations of metabolite levels. Secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry SESI-HRMS is introduced here as a sensitive and noninvasive analytical technique for online monitoring of microbial metabolic activity. The power of this technique is exemplarily shown for baker’s yeast fermentation, for which the time-resolved abundance of about 300 metabolites is demonstrated. The results suggest that a large number of metabolites produced by yeast from glucose neither are reported in the literature nor are their biochemical origins deciphered. With the technique demonstrated here, researchers interested in distant disciplines such as yeast physiology and food quality will gain new insights into the biochemical capability of this simple eukaryote.
Highlights
Metabolites are small molecules that provide a direct readout of organisms’ phenotypes and cellular activity[1]
Real-time mass spectrometric methods used for on-line quantification of a handful of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include proton transfer reaction (PTR)[13] and selected ion flow tube (SIFT)[25]
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.J.I. or P.M.-L.S. www.nature.com/scientificreports/. In line with such efforts to develop instrumentation capable of monitoring time-resolved metabolic information, we show here how secondary electrospray ionization (SESI)[27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39] coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) captures on-line an unprecedented wealth of volatile analytes emitted in vivo by growing baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Summary
Volatiles emitted by wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae during growth in13C6-glucose. This set of metabolites is a homologous series of odd-numbered carbons ranging from C7 to C15. Despite being one of the most widely studied organisms, the rich volatile profiles (~300 metabolites combining positive and negative mode) of S. cerevisiae detected in these analyses, including non-reported analytes suggests that much work remains to be accomplished to fully map the metabolism of yeast. Such comprehensive metabolic coverage may have potential to tune industrial processes where yeast fermentation is involved
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