Abstract
Public transport accessibility (PTA) is an essential index for evaluating the efficiency of urban public transport resource and public service. Improving public transport accessibility is considered as the most effective way of alleviating urban congestion and promoting urban sustainability. PTA can be divided into three types, which are access to stations, accessibility of networks and access to activities. This paper focuses on evaluating access to public transport service at stations, considering walking time to stations and waiting time for services at stations. Numerous studies have been carried out on evaluating the accessibility of public transport stations. When building accessibility evaluation model, rare has seen different public transport modes as an integrated system. Hence the topological structure and geometrical layout of the system are not considered. In this paper, factors like the configuration of the public transport system and the surrounding environment of stations are included for the evaluation. The centrality of station index (COS) is presented to describe the importance of stations in the integrated public transport system. The COS index is an improved combination of the gravity model and degree centrality index of the complex network. This index improves the degree centrality index by replacing the number of nodes with weighted connections between stations. By modeling public transport operation, configuration and surroundings of stations, a comprehensive public transport service accessibility index (CPTAI) is formulated to quantify accessibility at the community level. To compute this index, a network analysis model is firstly applied to find the nearest station for each point of interest (POI) by using ArcGIS desktop 10.2, and the transport service frequency at the nearest station is measured. Then Baidu Map API is employed to measure the impedance indexes between stations in the integrated public transport network. Activities covered by stations within a given distance are seen as the generation and attraction of trips in between the stations. Then a weighted gravity model and COS is presented to calculate the integrated service frequency (ISF) for each POI afterward. In the end, the index is converted to the community level, which is CPTAI. The experiment is carried out in Wuhan metropolitan area, Hubei, China. Smart card data (SCD) is utilized to evaluate CPTAI and examine the association between commuting trips by public transport and accessibility level within Wuhan metropolitan area. Experimental results show that CPTAI has a significant statistical association with trips by public transport.
Highlights
The common use of public transport has great effects on energy conservation, the reduction of air pollution and the mitigation of traffic congestion
The results show a relative relationship between trip modes and Public transport service accessibility index (PTAI) access levels, reflecting that the integrated public transport system of Wuhan metropolitan area is immature
This paper proposes an approach to evaluate the accessibility of public transport service in Wuhan metropolitan area
Summary
The common use of public transport has great effects on energy conservation, the reduction of air pollution and the mitigation of traffic congestion. A well-organized transport system should be capable of undertaking different modes of traffic and promoting urban mobility to meet various traffic demands [6] Factors such as access to transport stations, the mobility of transport routes, connectivity of different transport modes and diversified traffic demand should be considered for building such transport systems [7,8,9]. From the perspective of users, an active transport service can be defined as low cost of the whole journey, low impedance to access public transits, less walking distance, or even good travel experience. The cost of travel is normally measured in time, distance, or money [14,15,16,17,18,19]
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