Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the primary cause of mortality related to skin conditions and ranks as the fifth most prevalent form of cancer. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and clinical advancements in malignant melanoma. An examination conducted under adequate lighting conditions can reveal a range of colors, such as red, white, black, and blue. The boundaries of lesions typically exhibit irregularities. The thickness of the tumor is the most crucial determinant of prognosis. Primary malignant melanoma can be categorized into different clinicohistological types, such as lentigo maligna melanoma, superficially spreading malignant melanoma, nodular malignant melanoma, acral-lentiginous melanoma, eye melanoma, and malignant melanoma of the mucous membranes. Determining oncogenic mutations in individuals with advanced melanoma can guide the use of targeted treatment, typically directed towards specific BRAF mutations.
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