Comprehensive modeling of SVC–TCSC–HVDC power flow in terms of simultaneous application in power systems

Abstract

Due to the pattern of growth for electricity consumption, there is a need for developing power networks and transmission lines. The power transmission capacity of lines is limited due to a host of factors. Thus, these lines need series and parallel compensations to reduce losses, increase efficiency, and promote system security. In this paper, flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices including static VAR compensators (SVC) as parallel compensators, thyristor-controlled series compensation (TCSC) as a series compensator, and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) bonding are modeled. In addition, comprehensive modeling of the simultaneous application of these three devices for load flow is performed, and the effects of these types of compensations are compared. The obtained comprehensive model was implemented on MATLAB software using the Newton–Raphson method on two 9-bus WSCC and 5-bus test system. In this case, the calculation speed and convergence were reduced when compared to applying devices individually due to the increase in equations and the addition of new terms to the load flow equations. Furthermore, more losses were observed in this model, which can probably be improved using an optimal power flow and optimal placement of the devices in the network.