Abstract
Chicoric acid is an important bioactive component that is found in Taraxacum mongolicum, and is associated with numerous pharmacological properties. However, the regulatory mechanism that underlies chicoric acid biosynthesis in T. mongolicum remains unclear. In this study, comprehensive metabolome and transcriptome analysis were conducted using exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment for 20 d and 0–24 h, respectively. The contents of chicoric acid accumulated differently in the ABA treatment groups, candidate genes evaluations indicating that Tm4CL1 was speculated to be a pivotal gene in chicoric acid biosynthesis as a result of ABA signaling. The bZIP family transcription factors downstream of ABA signaling were systematically analyzed and indicating that TmbZIP1 showed strong relationship with Tm4CL1. Overexpression of TmbZIP1 results in increasing chicoric acid accumulation and the expression levels of Tm4CL1 in T. mongolicum. Dual-LUC and Y1H assays proved that TmbZIP1 could activate the expression of Tm4CL1 gene. Y2H and BiFC assays indicated that TmbZIP1 could interact with ABA signaling core protein members SnRK2.6. Overall, the results indicate that exogenous ABA hormones increase the biosynthesis of chicoric acid via TmbZIP1-Tm4CL1 modular regulation. The findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which ABA regulates chicoric acid biosynthesis in T. mongolicum.
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