Abstract
Background: Ginseng is widely used as herb or food. Different parts of ginseng have diverse usages. However, the comprehensive analysis on the ginsenosides in different parts of ginseng root is scarce. Methods: An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with UNIFI informatics platform and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detection (UHPLC-CAD) were employed to evaluate the different parts of cultivated ginseng root. Results: 105 ginsenosides including 16 new compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. 22 potential chemical markers were identified, 20, 17, and 19 for main root (MR) and fibrous root (FR), main root (MR) and branch root (BR), and main root (MR) and rhizome (RH), respectively. The relative contents of Re, Rb1, 20(R)-Rh1, Rd, and Rf were highest in FR. The relative content of Rg1 was highest in RH. The total relative content of pharmacopoeia indicators Rg1, Re, and Rb1 was highest in FR. Conclusion: The differences among these parts were the compositions and relative contents of ginsenosides. Under our research conditions, the peak area ratio of Rg1 and Re could distinguish the MR and FR samples. Fibrous roots showed rich ingredients and high ginsenosides contents which should be further utilized.
Highlights
Ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer of the Araliaceae family, is the king of herbs in the Orient, and its root has been widely used as a constituent of traditional medicine in China and Korea [1]
Identification of Components from Four Different Parts of the Ginseng Root Based on the According to the literature [18], the ginsenosides in P. ginseng are generally divided into several types according to the aglycone moieties: the protopanaxadiol (PPD) type with sugar moieties attached to C-3 and/or C-20, the protopanaxatriol (PPT) type with sugar moieties at C-3, C-6, and/or C-20, the oleanolic acid type (OA), and other PPD and PPT
Molecules 2021, 26, 1696 ginseng by using the workflow of UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with UNIFI informatics platform (Figure 1)
Summary
Panax ginseng Meyer of the Araliaceae family, is the king of herbs in the Orient, and its root has been widely used as a constituent of traditional medicine in China and Korea [1]. The quality of ginseng roots in the food industry and herbal markets must be evaluated and controlled. The quality of ginseng root varies from different cultivation environments/areas, cultivation ages and “paozhi”. Ginsenosides Rg5 , Rh4 , Rk1 , Rs4 , F4 , and 20(S)-Rg3 were found to be the quality control markers in different processing methods in distinguishing red ginseng from white ginseng [8]. The comprehensive analysis and research on the chemical constituents of different parts of ginseng root are scarce. The comprehensive analysis on the ginsenosides in different parts of ginseng root is scarce. Methods: An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with UNIFI informatics platform and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detection (UHPLC-CAD) were employed to evaluate the different parts of cultivated ginseng root. The total relative content of pharmacopoeia indicators Rg1 , Re, and Rb1 was highest in FR
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