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Abstract
Exergy is a measurement of how far a certain system or material deviates from a state of equilibrium with the environment and it is a useful tool for improving the efficiency of energy-resource use. Based on the previous work, the exergy values of six rice husks were investigated in this study. The effects of physical and chemical properties were also detailed. These included moisture content, ash content, S, C, O, H and N contents. The moisture related exergy of the six rice husks ranged in 241.432-290.304 kJ per kg rice husk, accounting for 1.563-1.758% of the exergy of rice husks. An exponential relationship between exergy value and moisture content was observed. The exergy of ash varied between 37.419 kJ per kg rice husk and 61.217 kJ per kg rice husk, making up 0.233-0.401% of the exergy of rice husks. An exponential linear relationship between exergy value and ash content was observed. The S related exergy ranged from 1.217 kJ per kg rice husk to 2.993 kJ per kg rice husk, accounting for 0.007-0.018% of the exergy of rice husks. The O/C, H/C and N/C atomic ratios varied in ranges of 0.592-0.662, 1.404-1.730 and 0.008-0.011, respectively, whereas the correlation factors varied slightly in the range of 1.118-1.127. The exergy values of the six rice husks ranged in 15.053-18.407 MJ/kg. They were mainly determined by the correlation factors and the LHVs. A positive linear relationship between exergy value and LHV was observed.
Highlights
Processes for production of bio-oil (Lu et al, 2012) and biogas (Kuo et al, 2011)
The O/C, H/C and N/C atomic ratios varied in ranges of 0.592-0.662, 1.404-1.730 and 0.008-0.011, respectively, whereas the correlation factors varied slightly in the range of 1.118-1.127
They were mainly determined by the correlation factors and the LHVs
Summary
Processes for production of bio-oil (Lu et al, 2012) and biogas (Kuo et al, 2011). The ash produced from. The physical and chemical properties of rice husk average rate of 16.48 million tonnes per year during the are wildly studied These include moisture content, bulk last ten years (Zhang et al, 2012), reaching about 718.3 density, particle size, porosity, heating values, million tonnes in 2011 (FAO, 2011). The main objectives of this study renewable and has been used as fertilizer and animal were: (a) to investigate the exergy values of rice husks feed (Vadiveloo et al, 2009) It can be used as an from six varieties of rice and (b) to determine the energy source in thermochemical conversion processes effects of physical and chemical properties (moisture such as gasification and combustion (Zhao et al, content, ash content, S, C, O, H and N contents) on the. Yaning Zhang et al / American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 6 (2): 216-225, 2013
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