Comprehensive flood vulnerability analysis in urban communities: Iowa case study

Abstract

Floods are one of the most prevalent types of natural disasters affecting communities worldwide. It is expected to persist with increasing magnitude and frequency as a result of climate change, resulting in both direct and indirect negative consequences. The flood impact assessment is considered as a key component of flood risk management strategies, such as benefit-cost analysis for mitigation planning. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of socio-economic impacts of the 100 and 500-year riverine flood scenarios for major communities in the State of Iowa, United States of America. The analysis includes impact on essential facilities, businesses, vehicles, loss of life, amount of debris transported downstream, and displaced population, using Hazards-United States (HAZUS) and the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Flood Impact Analysis (HEC-FIA) functions along with GIS-based analysis. Also, we have investigated the floodplain vulnerability using the combination of flood depth and velocity. Due to the differences in the topography and the spatial distribution of buildings and infrastructure, and the absence of sufficient flood prevention measures within the study area, our findings illustrate that some communities will suffer significant damage and losses during flooding. This research could aid communities in making more effective decisions regarding damage reduction, prioritizing mitigation actions, and preparing for future flood events.