Abstract
Planar photonic crystal waveguide structures have been modelled using the finite-difference-time-domain method and perfectly matched layers have been employed as boundary conditions. Comprehensive numerical calculations have been performed and compared to experimentally obtained transmission spectra for various photonic crystal waveguides. It is found that within the experimental fabrication tolerances the calculations correctly predict the measured transmission levels and other major transmission features.
Highlights
The concept of photonic crystals (PhCs) originated in the late 1980s [1, 2] and these structures are foreseen to be important building blocks in future optoelectronic communication networks
Increasing the spatial resolution heavily increases the complexity of the computation as the needed computation resources for most of the methods well known in physics and applied in early era of the PhC modelling scaled nonlinearly with the growing size of the system
We find that our finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code produces quantitatively accurate results both regarding the transmission level and spectral features—in all investigated cases frequency shifts below 1-2 % are obtained when comparing numerical data with experimental ones
Summary
The concept of photonic crystals (PhCs) originated in the late 1980s [1, 2] and these structures are foreseen to be important building blocks in future optoelectronic communication networks. Researchers turned to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme, known in electromagnetics [4] Attempts to apply this scheme in the modelling of PhCs were rather successful. The FDTD scheme is favored compared to most other numerical methods for PhC simulations. The FDTD scheme is very demanding in terms of memory and speed of the available computer hardware when applied to practical 3D problems such as analysis of transmission spectra of PhCW in layered structures with 2D patterning. We find that our FDTD code produces quantitatively accurate results both regarding the transmission level and spectral features—in all investigated cases frequency shifts below 1-2 % are obtained when comparing numerical data with experimental ones. The spatial resolution is discussed, and to gain further insight calculated transmission spectra are compared with band-diagrams. In the appendix, a detailed treatment is given of the PMLs
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