Abstract
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban waterlogging prevention and control resilience from five aspects: social resilience, economic resilience, ecological resilience, infrastructure resilience, and institutional resilience. The fuzzy VIKOR method was used to evaluate urban waterlogging prevention and control resilience. The results were analyzed at temporal and spatial scales to reveal regional differences and constraints in urban waterlogging prevention toughness and efficiently locate vulnerable urban areas. The resilience level in most of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region increased during 2015-2019, while that of Beijing, Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, and Handan slightly decreased, indicating that the capacity of these cities to manage waterlogging disasters needs strengthening. The spatial difference in urban waterlogging prevention toughness was significant: Beijing, Tianjin, Handan, Tangshan, Langfang, and Shijiazhuang showed medium and high levels of urban waterlogging prevention toughness; other cities showed low levels. How the expansion speed of the urban scale matches the construction speed of urban waterlogging prevention and control directly affects resilience at all levels. These results support urban waterlogging control and regional integration construction for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.
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