Comprehensive benefit evaluation of solar PV projects based on multi-criteria decision grey relation projection method: Evidence from 5 counties in China

Abstract

The photovoltaic poverty alleviation program is an innovation of sustainable development strategy by the Chinese government, which aims to promote the development of renewable energy while reducing rural poverty through the systematic deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV). Nevertheless, the actual benefits of photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects (PV-PAPs) need to be verified. Yet, little research currently explored the regional differences of large-scale PV deployment. This study intends to construct a comprehensive benefit evaluation system in 4 dimensions of finance, energy, environment and society including 15 secondary indicators. The multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) grey relation projection (GRP) method and first-hand field survey data of 5 counties in China were used to evaluate the comprehensive benefit of PV-PAPs. The results show that PV-PAPs have good benefits potential with a solid demonstration effect and robust replicability. However, obvious differences were found between actual performance and theoretical design, benefits vary enormously among regions, modes, and solar resource areas. Management styles, operational and maintenance mechanisms are the main sources of regional differences. Besides, sensitive analysis show that financial benefit of PV-PAPs is relatively vulnerable to risk factors. Finally, corresponding policy recommendations are proposed to facilitate the sustainable development of PV-PAPs.