Comprehensive assessment of the influence of territorial environmental factors and conditions of vocational training on the adaptation of the body of students in the development of working specialties

Abstract

Professional training of cadets of lyceums in the process of mastering working specialties is accompanied by the influence on the adolescents' organism of ecological and hygienic territorial environmental factors, as well as specific factors of the educational and production environment. The study aims to explore the influence of factors of the environment and educational-production environment of river transport lyceums on the adaptation of adolescents' bodies in the process of teaching working specialties. A survey of 400 cadets studying at the Saratov and Balakovo lyceums of river transport (200 boys each) at the age of 15-18 years was carried out. The hygienic assessment of the organization and conditions of vocational training of adolescents mastering working specialties was carried out in accordance with SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03, assessment of the conditions and nature of cadets' work in accordance with R 2.2.2006-05 "Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions". The processes of adaptation of the body of young men were studied in terms of psychophysiological status on a computer complex KPFK-99 - "Psychomat". To assess the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical activity, the Rufier index and the Martinet-Kushelevsky test were used. Statistical processing of materials was carried out using the program "Statistica for Windows 10.0". It is shown that vocational training of students in the process of passing educational practice in the shops of a ship repair enterprise, as well as swimming practice is accompanied by the impact on cadets of unfavorable production factors: microclimatic, increased sound pressure and vibration levels, exceeding the permissible content of chemicals in the air of the working area. The nature of the factors of educational and production activity of cadets during the periods of technological, swimming practice leads to a decrease in the adaptation processes of the body of young men, which is manifested by changes in the indicators of the psychophysiological status and functional activity of the cardiovascular system during stress tests. Negative factors of atmospheric air pollution of the environment, regardless of the territorial affiliation of the settlement, contribute to an increase in the overall incidence of cadets with a predominance of respiratory diseases. Among students with a deficit or excess body weight, in the process of passing professional practice, the number of people with low indicators of the body's adaptive ability to workloads is increasing.