Abstract
BackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a treatment-refractory malignancy with poor prognosis. It is urgent to identify novel and valid biomarkers to predict the progress and prognosis of PDAC. The S100A family have been identified as being involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation progression of various cancer types. However, the expression patterns and prognostic values of S100As in PDAC remain to be analyzed.MethodsWe investigated the transcriptional expressions, methylation level and prognostic value of S100As in PDAC patients from the Oncomine, GEPIA2, Linkedomics and cBioPortal databases. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expressions of S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 in four pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic cancer tissues from PDAC patients undergoing surgery. To verify the results further, immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 in 43 PDAC patients’ tissue samples. The drug relations of S100As were analyzed by using the Drugbank database.ResultsThe results suggested that, the expression levels of S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 were elevated to PDAC tissues than in normal pancreatic tissues, and the promoter methylation levels of S100A S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 in PDAC (n = 10) were lower compared with normal tissue (n = 184) (P < 0.05). In addition, their expressions were negatively correlated with PDAC patient survival.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 might be served as prognostic biomarkers for survivals of PDAC patients.
Highlights
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most malignant tumors with poor prognosis and high mortality
We found that multiple members of the S100A family (S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A10, S100A11, S100A13, S100A14, and S100A16) are highly expressed in PDAC (Fig. 1)
The results showed that (Fig. 8a), compared with normal tissues, the promoter methylation level of S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A10, S100A14, S100A16 in PDAC (n = 10) were lower compared with normal tissue (n = 184), **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001
Summary
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most malignant tumors with poor prognosis and high mortality. The S100A family is a class of smallmolecule calcium-binding proteins, which are identified only in vertebrates [5]. Many of their members are abnormally expressed in various cancer types, which are widely involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation during cancer development [6]. Gupta S et al reported that, the abnormal over-expression of S100A4 observed in cancer tissues are associated with an increase in tumor grade in prostate adenocarcinoma [8]. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a treatment-refractory malignancy with poor prognosis. The S100A family have been identified as being involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation progression of various cancer types. The expression patterns and prognostic values of S100As in PDAC remain to be analyzed
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