Abstract
In recent times, Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) has become highly important for performing all sorts of underwater operations. It is somewhat cumbersome to implement terrestrial sensor networks routing protocols in UWSN due to high propagation delay, packet delay, and energy efficiency. So, lots of efforts are going on by researchers dedicated towards proposing efficient routing protocols for UWSN. As UWSN have specific characteristics in terms of rapid dynamic topology change, limited bandwidth, high energy consumption, high latency, packet delay issues, and security problems, designing a routing protocol to overcome all the aforesaid mentioned issues is quite a daunting task. In this research paper, we primarily focus on surveying various routing protocols available till date for data routing in UWSNs. In addition, comparison of protocols is also mentioned on the basis of various characteristics like routing technique, packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, packet delay and localization to give a clear picture of the benefits and shortcomings of each and every enlisted protocol for UWSN.
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