Comprehensive analysis of nutritional activity in Garcinia kola stem bark (Clusiaceae), Stone Breaker (Phyllanthus niruri) leaves and their blends: Implications for therapeutic applications

Abstract

This study investigates the nutritional and mineral composition of Garcinia kola Stem Bark (Clusiaceae) and Stone Breaker (Phyllanthus niruri) leaves, processed through fermentation, blanching, and drying, to evaluate their potential health benefits. The samples were divided into three groups: Garcinia kola Stem Bark, Stone Breaker, and a 50 %:50 % mixture of both. The proximate analysis revealed significant variations. Moisture content ranged from 6.03 % to 7.38 %, with blanched Stone Breaker having the lowest and blanched Garcinia kola the highest, indicating differences in storage stability. Fermented samples showed higher ash content (up to 8.66 %), suggesting increased mineral availability due to microbial activity. Protein content was highest in fermented Stone Breaker (19.73 %), highlighting the benefits of fermentation in enhancing protein levels. Mineral analysis showed that blanched Stone Breaker had the highest potassium content (1872.8 mg/100 g), beneficial for cardiovascular health, while fermented samples had notable levels of calcium (402.2 mg/100 g) and magnesium (426.8 mg/100 g), supporting bone health and energy metabolism. Fermented Stone Breaker also emerged as the best overall sample due to its high protein content, higher ash content, and balanced moisture and fat levels, making it nutritionally rich and stable for storage. These findings emphasize the impact of processing methods on the nutritional and mineral profiles of herbal blends. Fermented Stone Breaker, in particular, offers a promising balance of essential nutrients for dietary enhancement and therapeutic health promotion.