Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and urgently needs biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. It has been reported that myoferlin (MYOF) is implicated in the regulation of proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells in many cancers including pancreatic cancer. To confirm the prognostic value of MYOF in pancreatic cancer, a comprehensive cancer versus healthy people analysis was conducted using public data. MYOF mRNA expression levels were compared in many kinds of cancers including pancreatic cancer via the Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases. The results have shown that MYOF mRNA expression levels were upregulated in most types of cancers, especially in pancreatic cancer, compared with healthy people's tissues. Data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EML) database also revealed that MYOF mRNA is highly expressed in most cancer cells, particularly in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the prognostic value of MYOF was evaluated using GEPIA and Long-term Outcome and Gene Expression Profiling Database of pan-cancers (LOGpc) database. Higher expression of MYOF was associated with poorer overall survival, especially in the lower stage and lower grade. Coexpressed genes, possible regulators, and the correlation between MYOF expressions were analyzed via the GEPIA and LinkedOmics database. Nineteen coexpressed genes were identified, and most of these genes were related to cancer. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was used to analyze the correlation between MYOF and immune response. Notably, we found that MYOF might have a potential novel immune regulatory role in tumor immunity. These results support that MYOF is a candidate prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer, which calls for further genomics research of pancreatic cancer and deeply functional studies on MYOF.
Highlights
Myoferlin (MYOF), a member of the ferlin family, is a multipleC2-domain-containing type II transmembrane protein
The results showed that the expression levels of MYOF were higher in tumor samples than in healthy samples in most cancers
To enhance the understanding of MYOF crosstalk with immune-related genes, we further analyzed the correlations between MYOF expression and various immune signatures, which included immune marker genes of 28 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), immune stimulatory or inhibitory genes, cancer-related antigen genes, cytokine-related genes, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes (Table 3)
Summary
Myoferlin (MYOF), a member of the ferlin family, is a multipleC2-domain-containing type II transmembrane protein. It is involved in many important cellular processes, such as receptor internalization and recycling, endocytosis, exocytosis, and the maintenance of intercellular membrane structures [1]. MYOF is implicated in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secretion and has an impact on tumor-associated angiogenesis in human pancreatic cancer [11]. We are trying to perform a detailed analysis on the expression, prognosis, and coexpressed protein network and immune analysis of MYOF in patients with pancreatic cancer to determine its expression patterns, potential functions, and distinct prognostic values in pancreatic cancer based on data from public databases. 5.159 1:67E − 15 11.253 [7] 7.026 2:49E − 6 6.931 [20] 2.980 1:70E − 5 5.206 [21]
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