Abstract
BackgroundMitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, an important type of pathway in eukaryotic signaling networks, play a key role in plant defense responses, growth and development.MethodsPhylogenetic analysis and conserved motif analysis of the MKK and MPK families in Arabidopsis thaliana, Helianthus annuus and Chrysanthemum morifolium classified MKK genes and MPK genes. qRT-PCR was used for the expression patterns of CmMPK and CmMKK genes, and yeast two-hybrid assay was applied to clear the interaction between CmMPKs and CmMKKs.ResultsWe characterized six MKK genes and 11 MPK genes in chrysanthemum based on transcriptomic sequences and classified these genes into four groups. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that CmMKKs and CmMPKs exhibited various expression patterns in different organs of chrysanthemum and in response to abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments. Furthermore, a yeast two-hybrid assay was applied to analyze the interaction between CmMKKs and CmMPKs and reveal the MAPK cascades in chrysanthemum.DiscussionOur data led us to propose that CmMKK4-CmMPK13 and CmMKK2-CmMPK4 may be involved in regulating salt resistance and in the relationship between CmMKK9 and CmMPK6 and temperature stress.
Highlights
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are a ubiquitous signal transduction pathway that is widely distributed in eukaryotes, transferring and amplifying external signals by the phosphorylation of downstream proteins (Hamel et al, 2006; Kazuya et al, 2002)
We found that CmMPK3.1, CmMPK3.2 and CmMPK4.2 were induced by cold treatment and did not respond to heat shock
The results showed that CmMPK3.2, CmMPK13 and CmMKK4 were induced after NaCl treatment, while the expression levels of CmMPK9.2 and CmMPK16 were significantly decreased
Summary
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are a ubiquitous signal transduction pathway that is widely distributed in eukaryotes, transferring and amplifying external signals by the phosphorylation of downstream proteins (Hamel et al, 2006; Kazuya et al, 2002). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, an important type of pathway in eukaryotic signaling networks, play a key role in plant defense responses, growth and development. QRT-PCR was used for the expression patterns of CmMPK and CmMKK genes, and yeast two-hybrid assay was applied to clear the interaction between CmMPKs and CmMKKs. Results: We characterized six MKK genes and 11 MPK genes in chrysanthemum based on transcriptomic sequences and classified these genes into four groups. Discussion: Our data led us to propose that CmMKK4-CmMPK13 and CmMKK2-CmMPK4 may be involved in regulating salt resistance and in the relationship between CmMKK9 and CmMPK6 and temperature stress.
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