Comprehensive analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop in square multiple impingement jets employing innovative hybrid nanofluids

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in square multiple impingement jets utilising a novel class of hybrid nanofluids. This study goes beyond the usual vertical impingement method by looking at the use of oblique impingement in a multiple impinging jet configuration with a hybrid nanofluid. Al2O3–Cu/water with different volume fractions (φhnf) such as 0.1%, 0.33%, 0.75%, and 1.0% are employed as a working fluid. The purpose of the study is to clarify the impact of the jet angle (β), the jet Reynolds number (Re), extended jet height (Ej), and different volume fraction (φhnf) on the heat transfer behaviours of the curved target surface. The jet Reynolds number varies from 8000 to 24,000, and five different jet angles (β = 15 °, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90 °) and three extended jet heights (Ej = 0.2H, 0.4H, and 0.6H) are adopted. Outcomes disclosed that the highest values of Re and φhnf greatly led to an increase in heat transfer rate and pressure drop of the system. It is uncovered that the heat transfer rate of binary hybrid nanofluids enhances with increasing volume fraction from for all jet angles and Re. Results also exposed that the angle of jet, which is 45°, gives a higher Nusselt number compared to other angles proposed in this study, and the maximum boost reaches 35%. Besides, despite the fact that reducing the height of the extended jet yields enhanced heat transfer rates in comparison to other methods, it concurrently results in an elevation in pressure drop. Finally, this research yielding insights that can be applied to improve the efficiency of heat transfer systems in practical applications.