Abstract
BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggested N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is crucial for male germline development. However, m6A modification of lncRNAs gains a little attention in amphibians in recent years. Xenopus laevis (X. laevis) was chosen to be an ideal model organism for testing environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exposure and resultant effects. Atrazine (AZ) as an endocrine disrupt can effect development of testis in amphibians. Our previous study revealed that m6A is a highly conserved modification across the species.ResultsThe results of m6A sequences showed that m6A-methylated lncRNAs enriched in intergenic region in testes of X. laevis. We further examined the differential expression of lncRNAs m6A sites in testes of AZ-exposed and compared with that in animals from control group. The results indicated that up to 198 differentially methylated m6A sites were detected within 188 lncRNAs, in which 89 significantly up-methylated sites and 109 significantly down-methylated sites. Data from KEGG pathway analysis indicated that AZ-affected lncRNAs m6A sites were mainly involved in 10 pathways in which 3 mutual pathways were found in the result of differentially m6A-methylated mRNAs.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that differentially m6A-methylated lncRNAs and these 3 pathways may act on regulatory roles in abnormal testis development of AZ-exposed X. laevis. This study for the first time provides insights into the profile of lncRNAs m6A modifications in amphibian species.
Highlights
RNA modifications play crucial roles in gene expression [1]
M6A modification sites of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in X. laevis exposed to 100 μg/L AZ The results showed that 198 differentially methylated m6A sites were detected among 188 lncRNAs, in which 89 significantly up-methylated sites and 109 significantly down-methylated sites (Table S1)
MeRIP-seq analysis of lncRNAs derived from the testes of X. laevis revealed that there were 1298 m6A peaks among 908 lncRNAs in control group
Summary
RNA modifications play crucial roles in gene expression [1]. Recent studies have shown that the m6A modification modulates the function of the RNA molecule in multiple ways through its novel functions [3, 4]. The regulatory association between RNA m6A modification and spermatogenic function has been discovered [5]. The m6A modification is found in different species of RNA, including tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Increasing evidence suggested N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is crucial for male germline development. M6A modification of lncRNAs gains a little attention in amphibians in recent years. Atrazine (AZ) as an endocrine disrupt can effect development of testis in amphibians. Our previous study revealed that m6A is a highly conserved modification across the species
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