Abstract
Background. Energy storage systems (ESS) provide uninterrupted power access to users and aim to minimize energy losses. These systems are extensively utilized in microgrids, facilitating smooth transitions between grid-connected and isolated microgrid operations. ESS devices with high power density must manage fluctuating loads, such as substations and distributed power sources like wind turbines. Despite existing standards for ESS management, these regulations are often limited to specific areas, leading to interoperability challenges due to the absence of unified modeling approaches and data models. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to explore methods for controlling energy storage systems and enhancing their interoperability. The study focuses on integrating ESS without necessitating changes in consumer control schemes and utilizing interoperable data models for rapid identification and configuration. Methods. The research involves analysing various methods used in electricity management systems, identifying interaction conflicts, and emphasizing the development of an interoperable network. The study also considers the potential of an ontology-based control system to achieve the desired level of interoperability. Results. The analysis indicates that most existing electricity management systems experience interaction conflicts, highlighting the need for an interoperable network. The proposed systems offer significant advantages in fault tolerance, reliability, and scalability. These systems ensure a smooth transition between networked and isolated operations in microgrids, allowing for instant reconnection to the grid when normal conditions are restored. Conclusions. The findings suggest that developing an interoperable ESS is crucial for improving system efficiency and reliability. Future research directions include forming an ontology-based control system to enhance interoperability. This approach is expected to address current interaction conflicts and pave the way for more resilient and scalable energy storage solutions.
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