Compounds with Phosphorus at the Spiro Position

Abstract

Publisher Summary Four coordinate phosphorus can occupy a spiro position to form compounds analogous to the corresponding quaternary ammonium compounds. There are a number of six coordinate spiro phosphorus compounds. Compounds which have interactions completing the spiro system have been included in this chapter. Theoretical methods are first discussed. Experimental structural methods include X-ray diffraction, magnetic resonance, spectrometry, spectroscopy, polarization, and polarimetry. Thermodynamic aspects and reactivity of fully conjugated rings are elaborated in the chapter. An analysis of spirophospanium salts and ylides, spirophosporanes, and spiroperphosphoranides are presented in detail. Reactivity of substituents attached to ring carbon, and that of substituents attached to ring heteroatoms including spirophosphorus are also described. Ring synthesis includes all acyclic components, cycloaddition, substituent modification, ring modification, and other methods. The section on important compounds and applications consists of nonmedical applications and compounds of medical interest. A series of bis cyclotriphosphazenyl spermines have been prepared and revealed to have anticancer activity in six murine tumour systems. Spirophosphorane derivatives of thymidine have been used as models for the study of the stereochemistry of cyclic AMP interactions with enzymes in the chapter.