Abstract
The following organic radicals are 1e ligands: alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, etc. Therefore, compounds with metal-carbon σ bonds are those in which there are M —C(sp3), M —C(sp2), and M —C(sp) groupings. Many compounds possessing metal to carbon σ bonds are known both homoleptic (MR n ) as well as heteroleptic (MR n L m ).(1.6) Like sandwich compounds, complexes containing metal to carbon σ bonds very often do not obey Sidgwick’s rule. The number of valence electrons in compounds with M — C σ bonds varies from 6 to 18. Among other reasons, this is due to steric factors. For example, the titanium group metals would have to coordinate several alkyl ligands in order to achieve the 18 valence electron configuration. Often, central metal atoms in complexes containing metal to carbon σ bonds are in their high oxidation states. Alkyl and aryl ligands may be terminal or bridging. In the case of bridging ligands, a three-center, two-electron (3c–2e) bond is formed.
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