Compound Words (Composites) In German As A Means Of Personal Denotation

Abstract

This study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of compound words in the German language, used to denotate a person. The complexity of the approach lies in the diverse consideration of this word–formation model: on the one hand, the identification of explicitly expressed lexical and morphological characteristics, on the other hand, the implicit semantic and syntactic relationships revealed during the transformation of composites, as well as the definition of the stylistic register and the mechanisms of their use as part of stable combinations. The productivity of the model allows you to identify certain patterns of their structure, syntax, semantics. As components of compound words, lexemes from differen tparts of speech are used. As a reference word, as a rule, the noun Paradepferd “boaster” appears, thea djective Hinterlistige “insidiousman”, thepronoun Garnichts “dummy” (aboutaman), the participle Erstgeborener “firstborn” areal so found. As a defined word, such parts of speech are used as the verb Schlafmütze “sllepyhead”, the adjective Feigherz “coward”, the noun Geldschneider “wastefulperson”, theadverb Gernegroß “social climber”, the pronoun Alleskönner “jackofalltrades”, the numeral Dreitonner “fatwoman”, the preposition Übertreter "lawbreaker", Neinsagerparticle "nihilist". In terms of the stylistic coloring of the composites, the scale varies from sublime vocabulary to derogatory familiarity. The most frequent are composites with a pejorative connotation: Januskopffam. "two-facedman, "Katzenbucklercoll. “sneak”,Schlaumeier“dodgyman”, Schlaufuchs “cunning” and others. At the heart of the nomination of such complex neoplasms are metaphorical and metonymic transfers.