Abstract
AEI Aquaculture Environment Interactions Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections AEI 8:647-657 (2016) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00206 Compound feeds and cereals as potential tools for improved carp Cyprinus carpio production David Hlaváč*, Jan Másílko, Maria Anton-Pardo, Pavel Hartman, Ján Regenda, Pavel Vejsada, Jan Mráz, Zdenĕk Adámek University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic *Corresponding author: hlavac@frov.jcu.cz ABSTRACT: Appropriate supplementary feeding is of increasing importance in common carp Cyprinus carpio pond aquaculture, not only with respect to production issues but also as a sustainable tool for maintaining environmental quality. We studied the effect of different supplementary feeding regimes (no supplemental feed, cereal grains, pelleted feed, pelleted feed with lowered phosphorus content, and extruded feed) on growth performance, water quality, natural food availability, phosphorus budget, fish body composition and economic performance in 10 experimental ponds stocked with 3 yr old carp at a density of 363 fish ha-1 over a 4 mo period. The type of supplementary feed had no significant influence on water variables, with the exception of low-phosphorus pelleted feed which increased conductivity (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in zooplankton density. Harvested fish had significantly (p < 0.05) higher dry matter content and considerably higher phosphorus content under all treatments compared with fish at the beginning of the experiment. The use of cereals and extruded feed improved carp growth, while the physical qualities of the feed (higher resistance to nutrient leaching) resulted in lower nutrient concentrations in effluent water. Profitability was increased with application of cereal grains and decreased with all pelleted and extruded feeds. Hence, the use of cereal grain feed generated higher economic and environmental benefits than selected pelleted and extruded feed. KEY WORDS: Pelleted feed · Extruded feed · Pond aquaculture · Supplementary feeding · Carp pond environment Full text in pdf format PreviousCite this article as: Hlaváč D, Másílko J, Anton-Pardo M, Hartman P and others (2016) Compound feeds and cereals as potential tools for improved carp Cyprinus carpio production. Aquacult Environ Interact 8:647-657. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00206 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AEI Vol. 8. Online publication date: December 05, 2016 Print ISSN: 1869-215X; Online ISSN: 1869-7534 Copyright © 2016 Inter-Research.
Highlights
Management of waste discharged from fish farms is of major concern for the further development of aquaculture (Naylor et al 2000, Mente et al 2006)
Aquacultural production in the Czech Republic is characterised by semi-intensive farming in earth ponds
The estimate was based on local market retail prices of feed and fish in 2013 and converted into Euros (€) at the average rate valid in 2013. These prices were set at 0.22 € kg−1 for cereal grains, 0.26 € kg−1 for pelleted feed and pellets with lowered phosphorus and 0.58 € kg−1 for extruded feed
Summary
Management of waste discharged from fish farms is of major concern for the further development of aquaculture (Naylor et al 2000, Mente et al 2006). Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix), together with traditional supplementary fish (tench Tinca tinca) and predatory species such as pike Esox lucius, zander Sander lucioperca, European catfish Silurus glanis and perch Perca fluviatilis, which are all produced in ponds Under this system, the greatest percentage of carp growth increment (60−65%) is achieved through consumption of natural food, such as zooplankton and zoobenthos, and around 35−40% is based on supplementary feeding using mainly raw whole cereals (Adámek et al 2012). Significant progress in fish nutrition has been achieved through the use of pelleted and extruded feeds These dietary supplements have higher digestibility, resulting in a lower feed conversion ratio and a reduction in excessive outflow of nutrients into the production system (Hardy & Barrows 2000). We assessed the influence of 4 different supplementary feeds (extruded feed, pelleted feed, pelleted feed with lowered phosphorus content, and cereal grains) on water quality, phosphorus budget, carp growth, production performance and economic profitability in a range of semi-intensive carp production ponds
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