Abstract

Abstract In current and proposed broadband wireless systems operating anywhere between 2 GHz and 60 GHz (e.g. systems targeted by the IEEE 802.16 work group), the importance of Doppler effects due to scatterer motion (e.g. cars, pedestrians, high-rise buildings oscillating in the wind) is greater than in first and second-generation mobile cellular because of the relative smallness of the wavelength. Furthermore, subscribers are fixed in many broadband wireless and scatterer motion then becomes the only significant source of Doppler spread. A methodology is proposed herein based on a straightforward analytical model to obtain the Doppler spectrum due to scatterer motion alone or in combination with subscriber motion. This model being fairly general, a number of simple distributions are postulated for scatterer speed which lead to a handful of analytical expressions for Doppler spectra. We then examine specifically the case of envelope fading induced by foliage and vehicular movement at 2.5 GHz and find that the proposed model is in good agreement with measurement-based results.

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