Compost and P amendments for stimulating microorganisms and maize growth in a saline soil from Pakistan in comparison with a nonsaline soil from Germany

Abstract

AbstractA 92 d greenhouse pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) was carried out with a strongly saline soil from Pakistan (P‐s) in comparison with a nonsaline soil from Germany (G‐s) similar in pH and texture. The aim was to evaluate salinity effects on the decomposition of compost and effects of compost and P amendments on (1) plant growth and (2) microbial‐biomass formation. The yield of maize shoot‐C and root‐C increased in both soils in the order nonamended control < +triple superphosphate (TSP) (A1) < +compost (A2) < +(compost + TSP) (A3) < +TSP‐enriched compost (A4). In comparison with the control, the highest yield in treatment A4 was nearly doubled on the G‐s, but was increased more than 8‐fold on the saline P‐s. Averaging the three compost treatments, 32% of the compost added was decomposed in the German soil and 36% in the Pakistani soil on the basis of the compost recovered as particulate organic matter. These data were roughly in agreement with the CO2‐evolution data. This indicates that the decomposition of compost was not affected by salinity. Compost‐derived CO2 was mainly evolved until day 32, the root‐derived CO2 from day 74 until the end of the experiment. The addition of compost resulted in higher contents of microbial biomass C and biomass P, but also in that of NaHCO3‐extractable P. These three properties were significantly interrelated (r = 0.64–0.85), but on a lower level of significance than the relationships between shoot‐C, root‐C, and NaHCO3‐extractable P (r = 0.90–0.93). Applying compost enriched with TSP (incubation of compost and TSP for 24 h) provided considerably more P to plants and microorganisms than the separate addition of these two components. The results suggest that the role of the microbial biomass as a sink and source for available P deserves further attention.