Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common birth defects, presenting a multitude of negative impacts on the health of the patient. It also leads to increased mortality at all stages of life, economic costs and psychosocial effects. The embryological development of CP has been outlined thanks to the advances made in recent years due to biomolecular successions. The etiology is broad and combines certain environmental and genetic factors. Currently, all surgical interventions work off the principle of restoring the area of the fissure and aesthetics of the patient, making use of bone substitutes. These can involve biological products, such as a demineralized bone matrix, as well as natural–synthetic polymers, and can be supplemented with nutrients or growth factors. For this reason, the following review analyzes different biomaterials in which nutrients or biomolecules have been added to improve the bioactive properties of the tissue construct to regenerate new bone, taking into account the greatest limitations of this approach, which are its use for bone substitutes for large areas exclusively and the lack of vascularity. Bone tissue engineering is a promising field, since it favors the development of porous synthetic substitutes with the ability to promote rapid and extensive vascularization within their structures for the regeneration of the CP area.
Highlights
The growth and development disorders associated with the craniofacial region are varied; within these, nasolabial and nasopalatine clefts are considered the most frequent, known as cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP), respectively
In the case of CP, this apoptotic process does not develop at the epithelial border of the palatal processes, and is sometimes aided by the presence of the tongue in the fissure, which under normal conditions should descend to allow this union [2,3].The use of autogenous bone grafts is considered the main option for PC bone regeneration, since it minimizes the consequences of storage; in addition, the reconstruction is carried out at the same time as the extraction of the bone that is used to repair the affected area [4]
The results showed that the morphology can be controlled using this technique, while cell viability tests and staining with von Kossa red and Aliazarin showed the binding, proliferation and differentiation capacity levels of swine dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in the obtained PCL
Summary
The growth and development disorders associated with the craniofacial region are varied; within these, nasolabial and nasopalatine clefts are considered the most frequent, known as cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP), respectively. In the case of CP, this apoptotic process does not develop at the epithelial border of the palatal processes, and is sometimes aided by the presence of the tongue in the fissure, which under normal conditions should descend to allow this union [2,3].The use of autogenous bone grafts is considered the main option for PC bone regeneration, since it minimizes the consequences of storage; in addition, the reconstruction is carried out at the same time as the extraction of the bone that is used to repair the affected area [4]. On the other surgery (extraction and implantation in the same patient) is not performed The hand, another option for pathologies for bone regeneration is the use of xenogeneic high costs of the bone preparation, as well as sterilization treatments, must be taken into drugs; thereforisclinical a possibility reactions andpathologies disease accounthowever, before storage use [5]. Genetic factors and (b) environmental or extrinsic factors [11]
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