Abstract
The location and context in which people live influences and conditions their opportunities in life. This becomes relevant in a world subject to rapid urban and demographic growth, in which different economic, social, and political forces generate and accentuate disparities in cities. The foregoing generates an unequal distribution of the different social groups in the territory known as socio-spatial segregation. The study of this phenomenon incorporates a large number of variables belonging to different dimensions. Nonetheless, few studies have addressed socio-spatial segregation with a multivariate analysis approach. In addition, the existing studies may have obtained misleading outcomes by not acknowledging the inherent compositional nature of their variables. The objective of the present study is twofold: (i) To assess whether the phenomenon of socio-spatial segregation in Guadalajara, Mexico exists; and (ii) to introduce and stress the use of compositional techniques for the study of socio-spatial segregation. The study applied principal component analysis and cluster analysis considering the compositional nature of census variables, particularly from economic and educative indicators. In addition, the study used geographical information tools to depict and interpret the results. The results are intended to serve in the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals towards inclusive and sustainable cities.
Highlights
In September 2015, the member states of the United Nations approved 17 objectives and 169 goals for the sustainable development and committed to reach them for 2030
As part of the results from the standard Principal Component Analysis (PCA) conducted for the socio-economic variables, it can be seen that PC1 and PC2 explain 59.1% and 32.7% of the variation of data, respectively
Results from PCA and cluster analyses based on a log-ratio approach with two-part compositions showed a first picture of the existing socio-economic and socio-educative segregation pattern in the city of Guadalajara
Summary
In September 2015, the member states of the United Nations approved 17 objectives and 169 goals for the sustainable development and committed to reach them for 2030 These objectives, known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek equality among people, to protect the planet and to ensure prosperity through several actions under the motto of “leaving no one behind” [1]. In a very broad sense, these objectives seek to mitigate and to eradicate problems, such as poverty, inequality, and social exclusion These problems are usually visible in the urban space, and the way in which the different social strata are grouped in the territory (depending on their capacity to acquire housing) influences their accentuation or eradication [2]. When talking about segregation nowadays, it is necessary to broaden the spectrum of elements that generate segregation and to treat it as a dynamic process caused by different factors that have different intensities, which work together to accelerate or sustain the phenomena of segregation [5,6,7,8]
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