Abstract
Human cortical bone contains two types of tissue: osteonal and interstitial tissue. Growing bone is not well-known in terms of its intrinsic material properties. To date, distinctions between the mechanical properties of osteonal and interstitial regions have not been investigated in juvenile bone and compared to adult bone in a combined dataset. In this work, cortical bone samples obtained from fibulae of 13 juveniles patients (4 to 18 years old) during corrective surgery and from 17 adult donors (50 to 95 years old) were analyzed. Microindentation was used to assess the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, quantitative microradiography was used to measure the degree of bone mineralization (DMB), and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used to evaluate the physicochemical modifications of bone composition (organic versus mineral matrix). Juvenile and adult osteonal and interstitial regions were analyzed for DMB, crystallinity, mineral to organic matrix ratio, mineral maturity, collagen maturity, carbonation, indentation modulus, indicators of yield strain and tissue ductility using a mixed model. We found that the intrinsic properties of the juvenile bone were not all inferior to those of the adult bone. Mechanical properties were also differently explained in juvenile and adult groups. The study shows that different intrinsic properties should be used in case of juvenile bone investigation.
Highlights
Human cortical bone contains two types of tissue: osteonal and interstitial tissue
Interstitial tissue is found between osteons and is made of osteonal remnants that remain after bone remodeling
The characterization of juvenile bone in vivo using HRpQCT demonstrated that the transient increase in distal forearm fractures during adolescent growth is associated with alterations in cortical bone which include cortical thinning and increasing porosity[8]
Summary
Human cortical bone contains two types of tissue: osteonal and interstitial tissue. Growing bone is not well-known in terms of its intrinsic material properties. As described by Bala et al, mineral density (degree of mineralization of bone, DMB), mineral quality (crystallinity), and collagen maturity (age of collagen matrix) are the minimum necessary variables required to define intrinsic properties of adult bone tissue They are likely to be the predictive indicators of bone mechanical properties at the osteon level[6]. The aim of this study was for the first time to analysis together the composition and indentation properties of osteonal and interstitial tissue from juvenile and adult bone to understand how structure, composition, and mechanics affect each other For this purpose, micromechanical properties will be assessed at the same location by instrumented microindentation[40], the degree of mineralization by digitized microradiography[41], and mineral and organic characteristics (crystallinity, mineral/matrix ratio, mineral and collagen maturities, carbonate content) by Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (FTIRM)[42,43,44]. We hypothesized that intrinsic properties would change with age in juveniles but not in adults
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