Composition of organic matter in particle‐size fractions of an agricultural soil

Abstract

SUMMARYThe composition of organic matter was studied in clay (< 2 μm), fine silt (2‐6.3 μm), medium silt (6.3‐20 μm), coarse silt (20‐63 μm) and sand (63‐2000 μm) fractions of the Ap‐horizon of a clay loam (Orthic Humic Gleysol) from Bainsville (Ottawa, Canada) by organic C and total N analyses and pyrolysis‐field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS).The C and N contents were largest in fine silt and medium silt and smaller in coarse silt and sand. Differences in the contents of organic matter and absorbed water were significantly (r= 0.945***) reflected by the amounts of volatilized matter during Py‐FIMS. The Py‐FI therniograms and mass spectra showed clear differences in thermal stability and molecular composition of organic matter between the organo‐mineral size‐fractions. Abundances of carbohydrates, phenols and lignin monomers, alkylaromatics and N‐containing compounds decreased, whereas abundances of lignin dimers and lipids increased with increasing equivalent diameters. An exception was the sand fraction which was dominated by the characteristic features of plant residues. The six compound classes, calculated using signals of biomarkers, accounted for 35% to 60% of the recorded total ion intensity.The thermal evolution of the selected compound classes, which are important constituents of soil organic matter (SOM), indicated the stability of humic and organo‐mineral bonds in particle‐size fractions, Moreover, the influence of mineral matrix on organic matter composition was shown by significant correlations between relative abundances of carbohydrates, N‐containing compounds, lipids, lignin dimers, and proportions of phyllosilicates.