Abstract
In this study, I examined the composition of managed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests used by nest- ing White-headed Woodpeckers (Picoides albolarvatus) along the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Washington. I sampled trees and snags using the point-centered quarter method to assess species composition, tree and snag density, and stand basal area in 16 forest stands containing White-headed Woodpecker nests. All stands had a history of timber manage- ment and 2 had been burned and salvage-logged. Mean live-tree density (≥10.16 cm dbh) was 182.3 trees ⋅ ha-1 (SE = 13.52), mean snag density (≥10.16 cm dbh) was 11.5 snags ⋅ ha-1 (SE = 1.92), and mean stand basal area was 17.2 m2 ⋅ ha-1 (SE = 1.58). Ponderosa pine had the highest importance value (x - = 220.9, SE = 17.25) of any tree species in all but 2 stands. Mean dbh of ponderosa pines was 33.0 cm (SE = 0.26) and ranged from 26.1 to 50.2 cm within stands. Mean density of ponderosa pine was greatest in the 20.3-30.5 cm dbh size class and lowest in the 50.8-61.0 cm and >61.0 cm dbh size classes. Tree density was up to 5.3 times greater than densities believed to be typical of ponderosa pine forests prior to fire suppression. Snag densities were within the range estimated for historical dry forests of the eastern Cascades, yet only 50% of all snags sampled had a dbh >25.4 cm. Although White-headed Woodpeckers are considered strongly associated with old-growth ponderosa pine, my results suggest that they may be more adaptable to using forests dominated by smaller diameter trees. RESUMEN.—En este estudio, examine la composicion de los bosques manejados de pino ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa), utilizados para anidamiento por el pajaro carpintero cabeciblanco (Picoides albolarvatus), a lo largo de la vertiente oriental de la cordillera Cascade del Estado de Washington. Muestree arboles vivos y muertos usando el metodo de cuadrantes al punto central en 16 rodales con nidos del pajaro carpintero cabeciblanco para evaluar la composicion de especies, la densidad de arboles vivos y muertos y el area basal del rodal. Todas las areas tenian una historia de manejo maderable y 2 habian sido quemadas y taladas para recuperar madera. La densidad promedio de arboles vivos (≥10.16 cm DAP) fue 182.3 arboles ⋅ ha-1 (DE = 13.52), la densidad promedio de arboles muertos (≥10.16 cm DAP) fue 11.5 arboles muertos ⋅ ha-1 (DE = 1.92) y el area basal promedio de los rodales fue 17.2 m2 ⋅ ha-1 (DE = 1.58). El pino ponderosa tuvo el valor de importancia mas alto (x = 220.9, DE = 17.25) de las especies de arboles en todos, menos 2 rodales. El DAP promedio de los pinos ponderosa fue 33.0 cm (DE = 0.26) y variaba de 26.1 a 50.2 cm dentro de rodales. La densidad promedio del pino ponderosa fue la mayor en la clase de 20.3-30.5 cm DAP y menor de las clases de 50.8-61.0 cm y >61.0 cm DAP. La densidad de arboles fue hasta 5.3 veces mayor que las consideradas tipicas para bosques de pino ponderosa antes de la intervencion para prevenir incendios. Las densidades de arboles muertos estuvo dentro del rango estimado para los bosques secos historicos del oriente de la cordillera Cascade, no obstante solo 50% de los arboles muertos muestreados tuvieron un DAP >25.4 cm. Aunque se considera que los pajaros carpinteros cabeciblancos estan estrechamente asociados con bosques primarios de pino ponderosa, mis resultados sugieren que podrian ser mas adaptados a usar bosques donde predominan arboles de diametro menor.
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