Composition of fatty acids triacylglycerols and unsaponifiable matter in Calophyllum calaba L. oil from Guadeloupe

Abstract

The composition of the kernel oils of two Calophyllum species ( Calophyllum calaba L. and Calophyllum inophyllum L.) was investigated. The physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of the kernel oils were examined. In two species, oleic acid C18:1 (39.1–50%) is the dominating fatty acid followed by linoleic acid C18:2 (21.7–31.1%) as the second major fatty acid. Stearic C18:0 (13.4–14.3%) and palmitic C16:0 (11–13.7%) acids are the major saturates. The oils contains an appreciable amount of unsaturated fatty acids (70.8–73.10%). Most of the fatty acids are present as triacylglycerol (76.7–84%), twenty one triacylglycerols are detected with predominantly unsaturated triacylglycerols. The total unsaponifiable content, its general composition and the identity of the components of the sterol and tocopherol fractions are presented. In both species, analysis of the unsaponifiable fractions revealed the preponderance of phytosterols, mainly stigmasterol (35.8–45.1%) and β-sitosterol (41.1–43.1%). Among the eight tocopherols and tocotrienols present in two species, variations exist; α-tocopherol (183 mg/kg) is the main tocopherol in Calophyllum calaba L. and Δ-tocotrienol (236 mg/kg) is the dominant tocotrienol in Calophyllum inophyllum L.