Abstract
Solid solutions are the basis for most industrial alloys. However, the relationships between their characteristic short-range orders and chemical compositions have not been established. The present work combines Cowley parameter α with our cluster-plus-glue-atom model to accurately derive the chemical units of binary solid-solution alloys of face-centered cubic type. The chemical unit carries information on atomic structure and chemical composition, which explains prevailing industrial alloys. For example, chemical units in Cu68.9Zn31.1 alloy with α1 = − 0.137 are formulated as [Zn-Cu10Zn2]Zn2Cu2 and [Zn-Cu10Zn2]Zn3Cu1, with 64.0–70.0 wt% Cu corresponding to the most widely used cartridge brass C26000 (68.5–71.5 Cu). This work answers the long-standing question on the composition origin of solid-solution-based industrial alloys, by tracing to the molecule-like chemical units implied in chemical short-range ordering in solid solutions.
Highlights
Solid solutions are the basis for most industrial alloys
Despite of the proved capacity of the cluster-plus-glue-atom model in interpreting composition origins of alloys, there is an obvious gap between the idealized formulas and the real chemical short-range ordering that can be measured, for example using parameter αi
The present work is our first attempt to fill in the gap, by showing how to relate the measurable parameters αi, within the framework of the cluster-plus-glue-atom model, to the construction of composition formulas of typical binary solid solution alloys with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure
Summary
Solid solutions are the basis for most industrial alloys. the relationships between their characteristic short-range orders and chemical compositions have not been established. Despite of the proved capacity of the cluster-plus-glue-atom model in interpreting composition origins of alloys, there is an obvious gap between the idealized formulas (e.g., the nearest neighbors are always fully occupied by solvent atoms such as [Zn-Cu12]Zn4) and the real chemical short-range ordering (the nearest neighbors are always mixed-occupied) that can be measured, for example using parameter αi.
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