Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyse the composition and spatiotemporal distribution of the benthic macrofauna in the estuary of the Perizes River (state of Maranhão, Brazil). Biological and environmental samples were collected at five sampling sites along the estuary during six campaigns covering the months of September, October and November 2016 (dry period) and February, March and April 2017 (wet period). Sampling was performed with a van Veen grab sampler (682cm2). Environmental variables as temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, saturation and water transparency were measured and related to the biological data at each sampling site. After collection the samples were sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh and the organisms fixed in a 10% formaline solution. A total of 35,597 individuals belonging to 84 taxa were identified, corresponding to Insecta, Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, Nematoda, Nemertea, Sipuncula and Collembola. Polychaeta showed the greatest species richness, while Tanaidacea were the most abundant. No gradient was found throughout the sampling sites with regard to the environmental variables, but marked differences were found in the temporal distribution. The temporal distribution of the benthic macrofauna was influenced by salinity and rainfall. Oligochaeta and Tanaidacea were abundant at all sampling sites. Acari were abundant in the inner portion of the estuary, while the number of Ostracoda was very high in the outer portion. The structure of the macrobenthic community differed in composition from the majority of the studies on estuaries, with the dominance of Tanaidacea and Oligochaeta. The higher abundance of Tanaidacea is related to environments rich in fine sediments with organic matter and the occurrence of this characteristics was determinant for the distribution of other taxa. The results indicate that the wet period favours the establishment of the benthic community, as evidenced by the increase in diversity and equitability.
Highlights
The Brazilian coast has a significant number of mangroves associated with estuaries and lagoons, accounting for 7% of the total number of mangroves
L. culveri and Tabanidae were significantly correlated with M. schubarti
Changes in salinity in tropical estuaries alter the structure of macrobenthic communities, as the dynamics of these ecosystems are controlled by variations in hydrology, morphology and the physicochemical conditions the marine and freshwater environments (Day Junior et al, 2013)
Summary
The Brazilian coast has a significant number of mangroves associated with estuaries and lagoons, accounting for 7% of the total number of mangroves. Submitted on: 27/June/2019 Approved on: 24/January/2020 Associate Editor: Abilio S. Lopes throughout the world and third largest in terms of extension (FAO, 2007; Giri et al, 2011). The northern coast of the country accounts for 60 to 70% of the extension of this ecosystem and the coast of the states of Pará (PA) and Maranhão (MA) are home to the largest contiguous belt of these forests, covering 700,000 ha (Ferreira and Lacerda, 2016). Natural ecosystems in coastal areas include estuaries, mangroves, lagoons, beaches, deltas and other environments of considerable ecological importance. Estuaries are partially closed by the permanent or
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