Abstract
A membrane layer named cell membrane (also called plasma membrane) surrounds all cells. Cell membranes, which consist of membrane lipids and proteins, are crucial for the life of the cell by defining the cell boundaries and maintaining the essential differences between the intracellular and the extracellular environment. On the surface of cell membrane, structures are enriched with carbohydrate coating, which is functionally important for the communication between cell–cell and cell–environment. The cell membranes separate and protect chemical components from the outside environment. Without membranes, there would be no cells, and thus no life. In this chapter, we mainly focus on the structure and organization of the cell membrane, and the relationship between the structure and functions of cell membranes will be discussed together.
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