Abstract
Considering the biorefinery point of view, hemicelluloses and gel-forming polysaccharides are crucial components of lignocellulosic biomass, due to their potential to form products of immense value as ingredients or additives, and are widely used and commercialized worldwide for manufacturing numerous products, mainly in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Despite having similar uses, the chemical structure and composition of these polysaccharides differs. These differences may be due to their monomeric units, such as glucuronoxylan (formed by xylose units and methyl glucuronic acid residues) and glucomannan (formed by glucose and mannose units). In other cases, differences may be observed in the proportion or position of side groups such as kappa (κ-), iota (ι-), and lambda (λ-) carrageenan that have 1, 2, and 3 sulfate groups per disaccharide, respectively. These differences remarkably alter their properties, mechanisms, and application. This chapter focuses on understanding the different chemical structures and composition of hemicelluloses and gel-forming polysaccharides and their effects on these properties.KeywordsHemicelulosesGel-forming polysaccharidesChemical composition and structure
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