Abstract
The current study describes the composition of Salvia lavandulifolia (Vahl) essential oils (SlEOs) obtained from plants cultivated in Murcia (Spain), as determined by gas chromatography. Relative and absolute concentrations, the enantiomeric ratios of chiral compounds and the in vitro antioxidant, antienzymatic and antimicrobial activities are described. The main components of the SlEOs were camphor, 1,8-cineole, camphene and α-pinene, and the main enantiomers were (+)-camphor and (−)-camphene. The activities against free radicals and the capacity to reduce and chelate metallic ions were measured. SlEO-3 showed the highest activity in ORAC, DPPH, ABTS and reducing power methods, while SlEO-1 exhibited the highest chelating power. The activity of lipoxygenase and acetylcholinesterase could be inhibited by all the SlEOs, being bornyl acetate and limonene the most active individual compounds against lipoxygenase and 1,8-cineole against acetylcholinesterase. SlEOs and some individual compounds inhibited Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. These results increase our knowledge of SlEOs and, particularly, provide for the first time a complete characterization of SlEOs from Murcia, Spain, while proposing possible biotechnological uses for them.
Highlights
Salvia, the largest genus of the Lamiaceae family, comprises nearly 900 species distributed throughout the world
We describe the detailed volatile compositions of four Salvia lavandulifolia (Vahl) essential oils (SlEOs) from the province of Murcia (Spain) and evaluate whether they fulfill the requirements of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3526 [39]
SlEOs were obtained from 300 g of the aerial part of plants grown in the south-east of Spain by means of hydrodistillation for 3 h in a Clevenger-type apparatus [59], dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and stored at 4 ◦ C until use
Summary
The largest genus of the Lamiaceae family, comprises nearly 900 species distributed throughout the world. Lavandulifolia (Vahl) Gams or Spanish sage) is native to the Iberian Peninsula and grows from south-east of Morocco to the Mediterranean area of France. It is a small woody herbaceous perennial shrub, ranging from 17 to 100 cm high, with mauve-blue flowers that usually grows on the sandy-calcareous soils of mountainous areas (from 300 to more than 1000 m above sea level) [1]. The essential oil (EO) composition of the genus Salvia is highly variable, depending on climatic, geographical and seasonal conditions as well as genotypic factors [2,3,4,5].
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