Abstract
The aim of the work performed in this paper is to present a composite indicators framework to guide sustainable transportation planning in Lebanon by assessing the sustainability marginal cost of Land Transport modes used mostly based on ICE (internal combustion engine) auto dependence. The framework covers 6 indicators of the triple bottom line of sustainability (economy, society, and environment): operating cost, energy consumption, noise exposure, congestion delay, emissions, and safety. The framework process follows an evaluation toolkit that monitors the cost implied from listed individual indicators of transport mode. Moreover, this evaluation methodology can be used to estimate to an acceptable degree the cost variation resulting from transport mode modifications within same geographical zone. This cost variance is the main interest of investors and decision makers seeking profits and successful results of their transportation planning process. A case study is executed in Lebanon GBA (Greater Beirut Area), where the annual cost of an alternative consisting of light rail transit (LRT) to passenger cars (PC) system is assessed; applying the stated methodology. Results show clearly an environmental amelioration with a reduction of 4,651,817,100 MJ of energy and 181,936 ton of CO2 emissions in addition to a saving of 255,643,035$ annually.
Highlights
The aim of the work performed in this paper is to present a composite indicators framework to guide sustainable transportation planning in Lebanon by assessing the sustainability marginal cost of Land Transport modes used mostly based on ICE auto dependence
A case study is executed in Lebanon GBA (Greater Beirut Area), where the annual cost of an alternative consisting of light rail transit (LRT) to passenger cars (PC) system is assessed; applying the stated methodology
We present a composite indicator framework to monitor the sustainability cost performance of Transport modes in Lebanon and similar countries cities
Summary
Sustainability, explored in terms of the theories of sustainable development, can be described by many expressions, in the majority of them the three dimensions (social, economical and environmental) appear clearly. A clear relation links the dimensions together i.e. Economic systems are contained within a social framework; society exists within the natural environment. These should be taken into account when following termed as a triple bottom line approach to sustainability emerged. That defined sustainability role as the solution that meets challenges through integrated solutions rather than through fragmented approaches that meet one of those goals at the expense of the others. It takes a long-term perspective—one that’s focused on the present and future—Institute for Sustainable Communities (ISC 1997) [1]. Other approaches involve the Natural Step Approach framework, suggested by Robert [6], and the concept of Natural Capitalism [7], which sees the natural environment as the primary interest of sustainability
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