Abstract
Eggshell (ES) is an abundant waste material which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate. A superabsorbent hydrogel composite based on poly(acrylamide-co-potassium acrylate) as matrix containing 17 wt.% of chicken ES powder as a filler was synthesized and compared with the gel without filler. The characterization was carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), rheological analysis and kinetics studies. The dispersion of ES in the polymeric matrix was homogeneous. The interaction between the acrylate and calcium cation was detected by FTIR analysis. The composite improved the gel strength and the absorption of water and saline solution increased by 100 and 41%, respectively. The high values for the swelling, the homogeneous structure and the good mechanical properties obtained with the incorporation of a relatively high content of a low-cost waste material indicate that this composite is suitable for application in the agriculture. In addition, this approach provides a more ecologically sound and useful destination for eggshell residue.
Highlights
Water management is in a state of crisis since there are currently more than one billion people who do not have access to safe drinking water
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), known as hydrogels, have been used in recent years as an alternative to improve the management of water use in agricultural operations.[3]
The chemical composition of the eggshell obtained by XRF showed a large amount of calcium (99.09 ± 0.29%) followed by very low amounts of phosphorous (0.26 ± 0.04%), probably present as calcium phosphate and sulfur (0.28 ± 0.04%) associated with sulfated polysaccharides.[14]
Summary
Water management is in a state of crisis since there are currently more than one billion people who do not have access to safe drinking water. Chicken eggshell powder was used as a source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the synthesis of a superabsorbent hydrogel composite from poly(acrylamideco-potassium acrylate). The effect of the addition of eggshell to the copolymer was evaluated by comparing the swelling kinetics of the copolymer (Pam-Ac) and the composite (Pam-Ac/ES) in distilled water.
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