Composite Structures for Civil and Architectural Engineering

Abstract

Introduction. Historical necessity. Basic concept of composites. Matrix. Reinforcements. Filamentary type composites. Composite manufacture. Application, present and future. Further reading. Properties of composites. Introduction. Reinforcements. Matrices. Particulate composites. Other matrix based composites. Mechanical properties of fibrous composite. 'Comingle' and 'FIT' - new concepts for thermoplastic composites. References. Further reading. Classical theory of elasticity and mechanics. Assumptions for classical theory of elasticity. Stress and strain. Hooke's Law. Two-dimensional problems (plane) problems. Stress at a point. Mohr's circle. Strain at a point. Pure shear. Equilibrium equations and boundary conditions for two-dimensional problem. Compatibility equations. Stress function. Application of stress function in rectangular coordinate system. Displacements in two-dimensional problem. Application of stress function using Fourier Series. Equilibrium equations in terms of displacements. Two-dimensional problems in polar coordinates. Solution of two-dimensional problems in polar coordinates. Problems of concentrated loads. Strain energy and principle of virtual work. Examples of use of the energy method. Castigliano's theorem. Equilibrium equations in three dimensions. Boundary conditions in three-dimensional problems. Compatibility equations in three-dimensional problems. Saint Venant', solution of the problem of torsion of a prismatic bar. Membrane analogy for torsional problems. Asymmetric bending of prismatic beams. Asymmetrical bending of a beam with longitudinal stringers. Torsion of thin-walled structures with longitudinal stringers. Determination of rate of twist of a cell. Shear centre of beams with longerons. Shear flow distribution in multicell beams with longerons. Out-of-plane bending of curved girders. Alternative formulation for out-of-plane bending of curved beams with constant radius. Bending in the plane of the ring. Elementary theory of thin shell. Space frame. Space trusses. Cable. Guyed tower. Review of beam theory. Plates with irregular shapes and arbitrary boundary conditions. References. Further reading. Eigenvalue problems of beams and frames of isotropic materials. Stability of beams and frames. Structural vibration of beams and frames. References. Further reading. Anisotropic elasticity. Introduction. Stress-strain relations of anitotropic materials. Engineering constants for orthotropic materials. Stress-strain relations of plane stress and plane strain problems for unidirectionally reinforced lamina. Transformation equations. Invariants. Laminates. Micromechanics - mechanical properties of composites. Numerical examples. References. Further reading. One-dimensional structural elements of composite materials. Equations for beams and rods. Beams with hollow cross-sections. Eigenvalue problems of beams and frames of anisotropic materials. References