Abstract
Biomaterial and scaffold development underpins the advancement of tissue engineering. Traditional scaffolds based on biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid- co-glycolic acid) are weak and non-osteoconductive. For bone tissue engineering, polymer-based composite scaffolds containing bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite can be produced and used. The bioceramics can be either incorporated in the scaffolds as a dispersed secondary phase or form a thin coating on the pore surface of polymer scaffolds. This bioceramic phase renders the scaffolds bioactive and also strengthens the scaffolds. There are a number of methods that can be used to produce bioceramic-polymer composite scaffolds. This paper gives an overview of our efforts in developing composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
Since the late 1980s, tissue engineering (TE) as a new discipline has made rapid advances [1]
It has been shown that some bioactive glasses have the potential for bone tissue engineering [7] and there are reports on the development of tissue engineering scaffolds purely made of bioceramics [8, 9]
Apatite was found to form on PGA meshes and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds (Fig.7), and with a dynamic environment, biomimetic apatite coatings could be produced on pores inside the scaffolds
Summary
Since the late 1980s, tissue engineering (TE) as a new discipline has made rapid advances [1]. Polymer-based scaffolds containing bioactive bioceramics can be produced in which the bioceramics can serve two purposes: (a) making the scaffolds osteoconductive, and (b) reinforcing the scaffolds With this composite strategy, there are two approaches for making bioceramic-polymer composite scaffolds: (1) incorporating bioceramic particles in the scaffold through a variety of techniques; and (2) coating a polymer scaffold with a thin layer of apatite through biomimetic processes. There are two approaches for making bioceramic-polymer composite scaffolds: (1) incorporating bioceramic particles in the scaffold through a variety of techniques; and (2) coating a polymer scaffold with a thin layer of apatite through biomimetic processes Both strategies have been employed in our efforts to develop usable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
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