Composite Reliability Impacts of Synchrophasor-Based DTR and SIPS Cyber–Physical Systems

Abstract

The integration of smart infrastructures that facilitate two-way communication via information and communication technology (ICT) has enhanced the efficiency and sustainability of the power network. However, technologies, such as dynamic thermal rating (DTR) systems and system integrity protection schemes (SIPS), have disadvantages, including infrastructure failures, cyber–physical interdependencies, and cyber intrusions. These disadvantages contribute to the reduced reliability of the network. Comprehensive exploration of the reliability impacts of multiple smart grid technologies on a single power network has not been conducted. A DTR and SIPS system integrating wide area monitoring functions using phasor measurement units (PMUs) is presented in this study, and the effect of ICT contingencies on network reliability is investigated. A Monte Carlo simulation approach and a scenario reduction technique are utilized in this article. This approach is evaluated on the IEEE-RTS to demonstrate the advantages of ICTs. The approach is suitable for different network topologies, in which the difference lies in the number of required PMUs. Results demonstrate that a reliable SIPS can minimize the aging process while slightly influencing load curtailment despite the increase in overall network aging due to DTR. PMU functional failures result in load loss due to loss of observability despite their high availability.