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Abstract
Ceramic/polymer nanocomposites have shown great potential in high energy storage density capacitors for pulsed power applications. However, due to the difference in surface energy between inorganic fillers and polymers, the discharge energy density and efficiency of nanocomposites are limited. In this article, the BaTiO3 (BT) nanowires (NWs) modified with dopamine (Dopa) was introduced into aromatic polythiourea (ArPTU) polymer matrix as composite for high-performance dielectrics. This is a new path about the introduction of a high dielectric constant ceramic into high dipole moment linear polymers (HDMLP), which produces the polymer composite with high energy storage density and high discharge efficiency. The composite ArPTU/BT NWs shows an energy density of 7.5 J cm−3 and high efficiency more than 90% is obtained under an electric field of 250 MV m−1. It also has been found that the modification of BT NWs with the Dopa reduces the dielectric loss of composite effectively due to the good synergistic effective between ArPTU and BT NWs, and high stability of composite for energy storage is also achieved. This work provides an effective solution for achieving high energy storage density and high discharge efficiency in polymer dielectrics for practical capacitor applications.
Highlights
Film capacitors have the advantages of high insulation resistance, low dielectric loss and high power density
Dielectric film materials is the key material for film capacitors, which allows the revolution of film capacitor with improved performance
It can be seen from the figure, for the composite modified with dopamine, when the high dielectric constant filler is added to the polymer matrix, the total breakdown strength of the nanocomposite enhances and reduces
Summary
Film capacitors have the advantages of high insulation resistance, low dielectric loss and high power density. ArPTU contains high dipole moment, low dielectric loss, tunable molecular structure and amorphous glass phase structure, which make it suitable for high performance polymer dielectrics for capacitor applications. Due to the amorphous phase structure, the dipole coupling in ArPTU is very weak, and there is no polarization hysteresis even under high electric fields, which results in high energy storage efficiency of dielectrics [3,4,5]. The combination of these polymers with Ferroelectric ceramics will produce high performance composite dielectrics with high energy storage density and efficiency. Experimental results show that when 3 wt.% Dopa@BT is incorporated, dielectric constant of composite is two orders of magnitude than that of pure ArPTU, and its breakdown voltage remains at a relatively high level, and the overall energy density is increased
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