Abstract
The achievement of rapid hemostasis represents a long-term trend in hemostatic research. Specifically, composite materials are now the focus of attention, based on the given issues and required properties. In urology, different materials are used to achieve fast and effective hemostasis. Additionally, it is desirable to exert a positive influence on local tissue reaction. In this study, three nonwoven textiles prepared by a wet spinning method and based on a combination of hyaluronic acid with either oxidized cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, along with the addition of etamsylate, were introduced and assessed in vivo using the rat partial nephrectomy model. A significantly shorter time to hemostasis in seconds (p < 0.05), was attributed to the effect of the carboxymethyl cellulose material. The addition of etamsylate did not noticeably contribute to further hemostasis, but its application strengthened the structure and therefore significantly improved the effect on local changes, while also facilitating any manipulation by the surgeons. Specifically, the hyaluronic acid supported the tissue healing and regeneration, and ensured the favorable results of the histological analysis. Moreover, the prepared textiles proved their bioresorbability after a three-day period. In brief, the fabrics yielded favorable hemostatic activity, bioresorbability, non-irritability, and had a beneficial effect on the tissue repair.
Highlights
Hemostasis represents a dynamic and complex multistage system
In hyaluronic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose (HA/CMC)—image B, clear fibers can be seen as evidence that the solution was properly utilized during the wet-spinning
Since there is a strong connection between rapid hemostasis and required healing, another hemostatic substance was added with the goal of improving the overall hemostatic potential
Summary
Hemostasis represents a dynamic and complex multistage system. It is a physiological process that protects the organism from excessive blood loss. Hemostasis is provided in several stages using three mechanisms: primary hemostasis, secondary hemostasis, and fibrinolysis. In these processes, vascular wall reaction, thrombocyte activity, clotting cascade activation, and the activity of coagulation factors with fibrin formation and fibrinolysis are involved [1]. If the body’s own mechanisms are not effective enough to stop the bleeding, it is necessary to apply additional hemostatic agents. Surgeons use different methods to achieve rapid hemostasis. Physical methods such as manual compression and suturing may not be completely effective. Thermal methods such as laser, Materials 2020, 13, 1627; doi:10.3390/ma13071627 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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