Abstract
Inhalation of vapors from a hot tea of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. leaves is considered by Iraqi–Kurdistan people an effective spasmolytic and antipyretic remedy for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The constituents of volatile fractions isolated by hydrodistillation from dried leaves of the plant collected in Kurdistan were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. More than 90% components were identified. The most abundant constituents were 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, α-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, aromadendrene, and α-terpineol. The different volatile fractions induced relaxation on rat isolated aortic and tracheal rings in concentration-dependent manner. These effects appeared to be due to a complex interaction between various terpenoid components rather than being only due to the main oil constituent, 1,8-cineole. The KCa channel and the NO pathway were not significantly involved in the relaxation mechanism, while Ca2+ channels played a major role in the spasmolytic effects.
Highlights
The Kurdistan region of Iraq has a rich biodiversity and many medicinal herbs, includingEucalyptus species, are used by local people in traditional medicine since time immemorial [1].A common antispasmodic and antipyretic remedy for treating respiratory tract diseases is prepared with the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., known as river red gum or Murrey red gum tree [2]
Each sample was dissolved in dichloromethane and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS
We considered that a more accurate analysis of E. camaldulensis volatiles should include the components of the oil separated from the hydrosol, i.e., EOW, and the mixture of polar compounds dispersed in the water condensed during the distillation process, i.e., EOA and EOAr
Summary
The Kurdistan region of Iraq has a rich biodiversity and many medicinal herbs, includingEucalyptus species, are used by local people in traditional medicine since time immemorial [1].A common antispasmodic and antipyretic remedy for treating respiratory tract diseases is prepared with the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (family Myrtaceae), known as river red gum or Murrey red gum tree [2]. The Kurdistan region of Iraq has a rich biodiversity and many medicinal herbs, including. Eucalyptus species, are used by local people in traditional medicine since time immemorial [1]. A common antispasmodic and antipyretic remedy for treating respiratory tract diseases is prepared with the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. A hot tea is made and the vapors from the aromatic infusion are inhaled by sick people. The empirical knowledge of this traditional medicine is passed on by oral tradition. The leaf essential oils isolated from E. camaldulensis collected in such different countries as Egypt [3], Iran [4,5,6], Kenya [7], Montenegro [8,9], Pakistan [10,11], and Senegal [12], to cite only some of the most
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