Abstract
Territorial male common yellowthroats ( Geothlypis trichas) were presented modified songs to determine the species-identifying song components. Presentations were paired, with the response elicited by a synthetic normal song (control) compared to that elicited by modified songs. Modified songs in which the frequency range was held constant yet lowered by 1 kHz from the average elicited a response that was significantly lower than the control. Doubling internote time intervals resulted in lower responses. Removing downslurred and upslurred hooks on notes did not alter responses. A simple two-noted repeated phrase song, one note an upstroke, the other a downstroke, with a frequency envelope of approximately 2 to 6 kHz, may provide the minimum requirements for species recognition.
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